Guide

Appeals are about the record, not the rerun.

Reviewed by John D. Kirby, Former U.S. Federal Prosecutor

This guide explains notices of appeal, standards of review, and how post-conviction arguments are shaped by the existing record.

Record

What happened below controls what can be argued.

Standard

Abuse of discretion, de novo, or plain error can change the outcome.

Timing

Missing a deadline can end the case before the argument starts.

Federal appellate courthouse